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1 preservation
noun (the action of preserving or the state or process of being preserved.) conservaciónpreservation n conservación / preservacióntr[prezə'veɪʃən]1 (of wildlife) conservación nombre femenino, preservación nombre femenino; (of food, works of art, buildings) conservación nombre femenino\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLto be in a good/poor state of preservation estar en buen/mal estadopreservation order orden nombre femenino de protecciónpreservation [.prɛzər'veɪʃən] n: conservación f, preservación fn.• conservación s.f.• preservación s.f.'prezər'veɪʃən, ˌprezə'veɪʃənmass noun ( of food) conservación f; ( of specimens) conservación f, preservación f; ( of building) conservación f[ˌprezǝ'veɪʃǝn]1.N [of antiquities, food] conservación f ; [of wildlife, land, buildings] conservación f, preservación f ; [of order, democracy] mantenimiento min a good state of preservation — en buen estado, bien conservado
2.CPDpreservation order N — orden f de preservación
preservation society N — (Brit) sociedad f para la preservación
* * *['prezər'veɪʃən, ˌprezə'veɪʃən]mass noun ( of food) conservación f; ( of specimens) conservación f, preservación f; ( of building) conservación f -
2 preservation
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3 preservation
N1. परिरक्षित फल या सुरक्षित स्थानOne should work for the preservation of biological diversities bestowed touse by nature. -
4 PRESERVATION
• Self preservation is the first law of nature - Спасение утопающего - дело рук самого утопающего (C)Русско-английский словарь пословиц и поговорок > PRESERVATION
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5 Convention on the Nature Protection and Wildfire Preservation in the Western Hemisphere
Англо-русский словарь по экологии > Convention on the Nature Protection and Wildfire Preservation in the Western Hemisphere
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6 Convention on the Nature Protection and Wildfire Preservation in the Western Hemisphere
Универсальный англо-русский словарь > Convention on the Nature Protection and Wildfire Preservation in the Western Hemisphere
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7 self-preservation is the first law of nature
самозбереження – перший закон природиEnglish-Ukrainian dictionary of proverbs > self-preservation is the first law of nature
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8 conservación
f.1 conservation, conservancy, maintenance, keeping.2 canning.3 storage.* * *1 (de alimentos) preservation2 (calor etc) conservation3 (mantenimiento) maintenance, upkeep\instinto de conservación instinct of self-preservation* * *noun f.1) conservation2) preservation* * *SF1) [del medio ambiente] conservation2) (Culin) preservation3) (Arquit) maintenance, upkeep* * *a) ( de alimentos) preservingb) (Ecol) conservationc) (de monumentos, obras de arte) preservationel cuadro se halla en mal estado de conservación — the painting is in a bad state of repair; instinto
* * *= conservation, preservation, retention, self-preservation.Ex. For example, the latter are unlikely to engage themselves in conservation issues as these now press upon the professional consciousness of librarians.Ex. RLIN (Research Libraries Information Network) is a system used by the Research Libraries Group (RLG), a group dedicated to resolving common problems in collection development, management, access and preservation.Ex. Even in prisons nowadays the enlightened gaoler aims at more than custodial retention: he aims at education.Ex. The desire for institutional self-preservation rules out this alternative.----* área de conservación del patrimonio = heritage field.* bibliotecario de conservación = preservation librarian.* Conferencia Panafricana sobre Preservacion y Conservación de Material Bibli = Pan-African Conference on the Preservation and Conservation of Library and Archival Materials.* conservación de alimentos = food preservation.* conservación de archivos = archival preservation.* conservación de documentos electrónicos = electronic document preservation, electronic document preservation.* conservación de la web = Web archiving.* conservación digital = digital preservation, digital archiving.* conservación en formato electrónico = electronic preservation [e-preservation].* conservación en frío = cold storage.* conservación preventiva = preventive conservation, preventive preservation.* desde el punto de vista de la conservación = preservationally.* especialista en conservación = preservationist, conservationist.* especialista en conservación de libros = book conservation specialist.* experto en conservación = preservationist.* gestión y conservación de documentos electrónicos = electronic document preservation and management.* instinto de conservación = instinct of self-preservation, survival information.* institución dedicada a la conservación del patrimonio = memory institution.* institución para el estudio y la conservación del patrimonio = heritage organisation.* laboratorio de conservación = conservation laboratory.* plan de conservación = conservation plan.* política de conservación = preservation policy, conservation policy.* producto para la conservación = preservative.* relativo a la conservación = curational.* responsable de la conservación = preservation officer.* * *a) ( de alimentos) preservingb) (Ecol) conservationc) (de monumentos, obras de arte) preservationel cuadro se halla en mal estado de conservación — the painting is in a bad state of repair; instinto
* * *= conservation, preservation, retention, self-preservation.Ex: For example, the latter are unlikely to engage themselves in conservation issues as these now press upon the professional consciousness of librarians.
Ex: RLIN (Research Libraries Information Network) is a system used by the Research Libraries Group (RLG), a group dedicated to resolving common problems in collection development, management, access and preservation.Ex: Even in prisons nowadays the enlightened gaoler aims at more than custodial retention: he aims at education.Ex: The desire for institutional self-preservation rules out this alternative.* área de conservación del patrimonio = heritage field.* bibliotecario de conservación = preservation librarian.* Conferencia Panafricana sobre Preservacion y Conservación de Material Bibli = Pan-African Conference on the Preservation and Conservation of Library and Archival Materials.* conservación de alimentos = food preservation.* conservación de archivos = archival preservation.* conservación de documentos electrónicos = electronic document preservation, electronic document preservation.* conservación de la web = Web archiving.* conservación digital = digital preservation, digital archiving.* conservación en formato electrónico = electronic preservation [e-preservation].* conservación en frío = cold storage.* conservación preventiva = preventive conservation, preventive preservation.* desde el punto de vista de la conservación = preservationally.* especialista en conservación = preservationist, conservationist.* especialista en conservación de libros = book conservation specialist.* experto en conservación = preservationist.* gestión y conservación de documentos electrónicos = electronic document preservation and management.* instinto de conservación = instinct of self-preservation, survival information.* institución dedicada a la conservación del patrimonio = memory institution.* institución para el estudio y la conservación del patrimonio = heritage organisation.* laboratorio de conservación = conservation laboratory.* plan de conservación = conservation plan.* política de conservación = preservation policy, conservation policy.* producto para la conservación = preservative.* relativo a la conservación = curational.* responsable de la conservación = preservation officer.* * *1 (de alimentos) preserving2 ( Ecol) conservationla conservación de la naturaleza nature conservationla conservación de especies protegidas the protection o conservation of endangered speciesla conservación de nuestros monumentos históricos the conservation o preservation of our historical monumentsel cuadro se halla en un lamentable estado de conservación the painting is in a terrible state of repair o preservation* * *
conservación sustantivo femenino
b) (Ecol) conservation
conservación sustantivo femenino
1 (cuidado) maintenance, upkeep
2 (de un bosque, especie) conservation
3 (de un alimento) preservation
' conservación' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
ministerio
- instinto
English:
conservation
- nature conservation
- preservation
- self
* * *conservación nf1. [de alimentos] preservation2. [de costumbres, patrimonio] conservation;[de bosques, animales] conservation conservación de la energía energy conservation;conservación del medio ambiente environmental conservation;conservación de la naturaleza nature conservation3. [mantenimiento] maintenance;en buen/mal estado de conservación in good/bad condition* * *f1 de alimentos preservation* * ** * *1. (ecología) conservation2. (de alimentos, etc) preservation -
9 охрана природы
1) General subject: conservancy, conservation, this is one of the greatest threats to conservation, environmental protection2) Biology: nature protection3) Engineering: nature conservation4) Economy: conservation of nature5) Forestry: wilderness conservation6) Ecology: conservancy of nature, environment conservancy, nature conservancy, nature preservation, protection, wilderness conservancy, wildlife management, wildlife preservation7) Business: protection of nature8) Environment: protection of the nature9) leg.N.P. preservation of nature -
10 conservation
conservation [kɔ̃sεʀvasjɔ̃]feminine noun[d'aliments, monuments] preserving* * *kɔ̃sɛʀvasjɔ̃1) ( protection) (d'espèce, de patrimoine) conservation; (de livres, tableaux) preservation2) ( d'aliment) preservation3) Physique conservation•Phrasal Verbs:* * *kɔ̃sɛʀvasjɔ̃ nf1) [faculté, tradition] keeping2) [paysage, monument, nature] preservation3) CUISINE preserving* * *conservation nf1 ( protection) (d'espèce, de patrimoine) conservation; (de livres, tableaux) preservation; la conservation des manuscrits the preservation of manuscripts; état de conservation state of preservation;2 Chimie (d'aliment, de sperme, d'embryon) preservation; lait/crème longue conservation long life milk/cream GB; la conservation des peaux the preservation of skins;3 Phys conservation.conservation des hypothèques Admin land registry.[kɔ̃sɛrvasjɔ̃] nom féminin1. [dans l'agroalimentaire] preserving3. BIOLOGIE & PHYSIQUE4. [état] state of preservationconservation des eaux et forêts ≃ Forestry Commissionconservation des hypothèques ≃ Land Registry -
11 Philosophy
And what I believe to be more important here is that I find in myself an infinity of ideas of certain things which cannot be assumed to be pure nothingness, even though they may have perhaps no existence outside of my thought. These things are not figments of my imagination, even though it is within my power to think of them or not to think of them; on the contrary, they have their own true and immutable natures. Thus, for example, when I imagine a triangle, even though there may perhaps be no such figure anywhere in the world outside of my thought, nor ever have been, nevertheless the figure cannot help having a certain determinate nature... or essence, which is immutable and eternal, which I have not invented and which does not in any way depend upon my mind. (Descartes, 1951, p. 61)Let us console ourselves for not knowing the possible connections between a spider and the rings of Saturn, and continue to examine what is within our reach. (Voltaire, 1961, p. 144)As modern physics started with the Newtonian revolution, so modern philosophy starts with what one might call the Cartesian Catastrophe. The catastrophe consisted in the splitting up of the world into the realms of matter and mind, and the identification of "mind" with conscious thinking. The result of this identification was the shallow rationalism of l'esprit Cartesien, and an impoverishment of psychology which it took three centuries to remedy even in part. (Koestler, 1964, p. 148)It has been made of late a reproach against natural philosophy that it has struck out on a path of its own, and has separated itself more and more widely from the other sciences which are united by common philological and historical studies. The opposition has, in fact, been long apparent, and seems to me to have grown up mainly under the influence of the Hegelian philosophy, or, at any rate, to have been brought out into more distinct relief by that philosophy.... The sole object of Kant's "Critical Philosophy" was to test the sources and the authority of our knowledge, and to fix a definite scope and standard for the researches of philosophy, as compared with other sciences.... [But Hegel's] "Philosophy of Identity" was bolder. It started with the hypothesis that not only spiritual phenomena, but even the actual world-nature, that is, and man-were the result of an act of thought on the part of a creative mind, similar, it was supposed, in kind to the human mind.... The philosophers accused the scientific men of narrowness; the scientific men retorted that the philosophers were crazy. And so it came about that men of science began to lay some stress on the banishment of all philosophic influences from their work; while some of them, including men of the greatest acuteness, went so far as to condemn philosophy altogether, not merely as useless, but as mischievous dreaming. Thus, it must be confessed, not only were the illegitimate pretensions of the Hegelian system to subordinate to itself all other studies rejected, but no regard was paid to the rightful claims of philosophy, that is, the criticism of the sources of cognition, and the definition of the functions of the intellect. (Helmholz, quoted in Dampier, 1966, pp. 291-292)Philosophy remains true to its classical tradition by renouncing it. (Habermas, 1972, p. 317)I have not attempted... to put forward any grand view of the nature of philosophy; nor do I have any such grand view to put forth if I would. It will be obvious that I do not agree with those who see philosophy as the history of "howlers" and progress in philosophy as the debunking of howlers. It will also be obvious that I do not agree with those who see philosophy as the enterprise of putting forward a priori truths about the world.... I see philosophy as a field which has certain central questions, for example, the relation between thought and reality.... It seems obvious that in dealing with these questions philosophers have formulated rival research programs, that they have put forward general hypotheses, and that philosophers within each major research program have modified their hypotheses by trial and error, even if they sometimes refuse to admit that that is what they are doing. To that extent philosophy is a "science." To argue about whether philosophy is a science in any more serious sense seems to me to be hardly a useful occupation.... It does not seem to me important to decide whether science is philosophy or philosophy is science as long as one has a conception of both that makes both essential to a responsible view of the world and of man's place in it. (Putnam, 1975, p. xvii)What can philosophy contribute to solving the problem of the relation [of] mind to body? Twenty years ago, many English-speaking philosophers would have answered: "Nothing beyond an analysis of the various mental concepts." If we seek knowledge of things, they thought, it is to science that we must turn. Philosophy can only cast light upon our concepts of those things.This retreat from things to concepts was not undertaken lightly. Ever since the seventeenth century, the great intellectual fact of our culture has been the incredible expansion of knowledge both in the natural and in the rational sciences (mathematics, logic).The success of science created a crisis in philosophy. What was there for philosophy to do? Hume had already perceived the problem in some degree, and so surely did Kant, but it was not until the twentieth century, with the Vienna Circle and with Wittgenstein, that the difficulty began to weigh heavily. Wittgenstein took the view that philosophy could do no more than strive to undo the intellectual knots it itself had tied, so achieving intellectual release, and even a certain illumination, but no knowledge. A little later, and more optimistically, Ryle saw a positive, if reduced role, for philosophy in mapping the "logical geography" of our concepts: how they stood to each other and how they were to be analyzed....Since that time, however, philosophers in the "analytic" tradition have swung back from Wittgensteinian and even Rylean pessimism to a more traditional conception of the proper role and tasks of philosophy. Many analytic philosophers now would accept the view that the central task of philosophy is to give an account, or at least play a part in giving an account, of the most general nature of things and of man. (Armstrong, 1990, pp. 37-38)8) Philosophy's Evolving Engagement with Artificial Intelligence and Cognitive ScienceIn the beginning, the nature of philosophy's engagement with artificial intelligence and cognitive science was clear enough. The new sciences of the mind were to provide the long-awaited vindication of the most potent dreams of naturalism and materialism. Mind would at last be located firmly within the natural order. We would see in detail how the most perplexing features of the mental realm could be supported by the operations of solely physical laws upon solely physical stuff. Mental causation (the power of, e.g., a belief to cause an action) would emerge as just another species of physical causation. Reasoning would be understood as a kind of automated theorem proving. And the key to both was to be the depiction of the brain as the implementation of multiple higher level programs whose task was to manipulate and transform symbols or representations: inner items with one foot in the physical (they were realized as brain states) and one in the mental (they were bearers of contents, and their physical gymnastics were cleverly designed to respect semantic relationships such as truth preservation). (A. Clark, 1996, p. 1)Socrates of Athens famously declared that "the unexamined life is not worth living," and his motto aptly explains the impulse to philosophize. Taking nothing for granted, philosophy probes and questions the fundamental presuppositions of every area of human inquiry.... [P]art of the job of the philosopher is to keep at a certain critical distance from current doctrines, whether in the sciences or the arts, and to examine instead how the various elements in our world-view clash, or fit together. Some philosophers have tried to incorporate the results of these inquiries into a grand synoptic view of the nature of reality and our human relationship to it. Others have mistrusted system-building, and seen their primary role as one of clarifications, or the removal of obstacles along the road to truth. But all have shared the Socratic vision of using the human intellect to challenge comfortable preconceptions, insisting that every aspect of human theory and practice be subjected to continuing critical scrutiny....Philosophy is, of course, part of a continuing tradition, and there is much to be gained from seeing how that tradition originated and developed. But the principal object of studying the materials in this book is not to pay homage to past genius, but to enrich one's understanding of central problems that are as pressing today as they have always been-problems about knowledge, truth and reality, the nature of the mind, the basis of right action, and the best way to live. These questions help to mark out the territory of philosophy as an academic discipline, but in a wider sense they define the human predicament itself; they will surely continue to be with us for as long as humanity endures. (Cottingham, 1996, pp. xxi-xxii)10) The Distinction between Dionysian Man and Apollonian Man, between Art and Creativity and Reason and Self- ControlIn his study of ancient Greek culture, The Birth of Tragedy, Nietzsche drew what would become a famous distinction, between the Dionysian spirit, the untamed spirit of art and creativity, and the Apollonian, that of reason and self-control. The story of Greek civilization, and all civilizations, Nietzsche implied, was the gradual victory of Apollonian man, with his desire for control over nature and himself, over Dionysian man, who survives only in myth, poetry, music, and drama. Socrates and Plato had attacked the illusions of art as unreal, and had overturned the delicate cultural balance by valuing only man's critical, rational, and controlling consciousness while denigrating his vital life instincts as irrational and base. The result of this division is "Alexandrian man," the civilized and accomplished Greek citizen of the later ancient world, who is "equipped with the greatest forces of knowledge" but in whom the wellsprings of creativity have dried up. (Herman, 1997, pp. 95-96)Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Philosophy
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12 État
état [eta]1. masculine nouna. [de personne] state• en état d'ivresse or d'ébriété under the influence of alcohol• il ne faut pas te mettre des états pareils ! you mustn't get yourself into such a stateb. [d'objet, article d'occasion] condition• en bon/mauvais état in good/bad conditionc. [de chose abstraite, substance] state• état liquide/solide liquid/solid statee. ( = registre, comptes) statement ; ( = inventaire) inventoryf. (locutions) faire état de [+ ses services] to instance ; [+ craintes, intentions] to state ; [+ conversation, rumeur] to report2. compounds• (le bureau de) l'état civil the registry office (Brit), the Public Records Office (US) ► état de crise state of crisis* * *etanom masculin1) ( nation) state, State2) ( gouvernement) state, government3) ( territoire autonome) state•Phrasal Verbs:* * *eta nmPOLITIQUE state* * *A nm1 ( condition physique) condition; l'état du malade s'améliore the patient's condition is improving; être dans un état stationnaire to be in a stable condition; en bon état général in good overall condition; être en état de faire qch to be in a fit state to do sth; ne pas être en état de faire, être hors d'état de faire to be in no condition ou in no fit state to do; mettre qn hors d'état de faire qch to render sb incapable of doing sth; mettre qn hors d'état de nuire ( légalement) to put sb out of harm's way; ( physiquement) to incapacitate sb; leur état de santé est excellent their (state of) health is excellent; être dans un triste état○/en piteux état○ to be in a sorry/pitiful state; tu es dans un bel état! iron you're in a fine state!;2 ( condition psychique) state; être dans un état d'inquiétude terrible to be in a terrible state of anxiety; être dans un état d'énervement extrême to be in a state of extreme irritation; elle n'est pas en état de le revoir she's in no state to see him again; je suis hors d'état de réfléchir I'm incapable of thinking, I'm in no state to think; être dans un drôle d'état○ to be in a hell of a state○; ne pas être dans son état normal not to be oneself; ne te mets pas dans des états pareils! don't get into such a state!, don't get so worked up○!; être dans un état second to be in a trance;3 (de voiture, livre, tapis) condition; l'état de conservation d'un livre the condition of a book; l'état des routes ( conditions climatiques) road conditions; ( qualité) the state of the roads; en bon/mauvais état [maison, cœur, foie] in good/poor condition; avoir les dents en mauvais état to have bad teeth; l'état de délabrement d'une maison the dilapidated state of a house; l'état de conservation d'une momie égyptienne the state of preservation of an Egyptian mummy; vérifier l'état de qch to check sth; mettre/maintenir qch en état to put/keep sth in working order; hors d'état de marche [voiture] off the road, not running; [appareil] out of order; remettre qch en état to mend ou repair sth; remettre une maison en état to do up a house; la remise en état d'un réseau routier/de voiture the repair of a road network/car; vous devez rendre la maison en l'état lors de votre départ you must leave the house as you found it; les choses sont restées en l'état depuis leur départ nothing has been changed since they left; j'ai laissé les choses en l'état I left everything as it was; à l'état brut [huile, pétrole] in its raw state; [action, idée] in its initial stages; un temple à l'état de ruines a temple in a state of ruin; voiture/bicyclette/ordinateur à l'état neuf car/bicycle/computer as good as new; beauté à l'état pur unadulterated beauty; une voiture en état de rouler a roadworthy car; un bateau en état de naviguer a seaworthy ship;4 (d'affaires, économie, de finances, pays) state; l'état de l'environnement/d'une entreprise the state of the environment/a company; le pays est dans un état critique the country is in a critical state; cet état de choses ne peut plus durer this state of affairs can't go on; dans l'état actuel des choses in the present state of affairs; dans l'état actuel de la recherche médicale in the present state of medical research; l'état de tension entre le gouvernement et l'opposition the state of tension in relations between the government and the opposition; ce n'est encore qu'à l'état de projet it's still only at the planning stage;5 Sci ( de corps) state; les états de la matière the states of matter; l'état solide/liquide/gazeux the solid/liquid/gaseous state; un corps à l'état liquide/de vapeur a body in the liquid/vapourGB state; à l'état naissant [gaz] nascent; à l'état pur [élément, héroïne] in its pure state;6 ( situation sociale) state; ( métier)† trade; être boulanger de son état to be a baker by trade; ruiné, il se rappelle son ancien état now that he is bankrupt, he remembers how things used to be; choisir l'état ecclésiastique to choose holy orders; être satisfait/mécontent de son état to be satisfied/unhappy with one's lot;7 Sociol l'état civilisé the civilized state; naissance d'un nouvel état social birth of a new social order; des tribus qui vivent encore à l'état sauvage tribes still living in a primitive state;8 Compta statement; état de frais statement of expenses; état des comptes financial statements; état financier financial statement; état des ventes d'un magasin a shop's GB ou store's US sales statement;9 Jur ( statut) status; état d'épouse/d'enfant légitime/de parent status of a spouse/legitimate child/parent;10 Hist ( catégorie sociale) estate; la notion de classe a remplacé celle d'état the concept of class replaced that of estate.B faire état de loc verbale1 ( arguer) to cite [document, texte, théorie, loi]; faire état du témoignage/de l'opinion de qn pour étayer une thèse to cite sb's testimony/opinion in support of a thesis;2 ( mentionner) to mention [conversation, entretien, découverte]; ne faites pas état de cette conversation don't mention this conversation; la presse a fait état de leur conversation the press reported their conversation;4 ( se prévaloir de) to make a point of mentioning [succès, courage]; j'ai fait état de mes diplômes pour obtenir le travail I made a point of mentioning my diplomas to get the job; ils ont fait état des services qu'ils nous ont rendus they made a point of mentioning the things they had done for us in the past.état d'alerte Mil state of alert; en état d'alerte on the alert; état d'âme ( scrupule) qualm; ( sentiment) feeling; ne pas avoir d'états d'âme to have no qualms; état de choc Méd, Psych state of shock; en état de choc in a state of shock; état de choses state of affairs; état civil Admin registry office GB; ( de personne) civil status; état de conscience Psych state of consciousness; état de crise Pol, Sociol state of crisis; état d'esprit state ou frame of mind; état de fait fact; les états généraux Hist the Estates General; état de grâce Relig state of grace; en état de grâce lit in a state of grace; fig inspired; état de guerre state of war; état des lieux Jur inventory and statement of state of repair; fig appraisal; faire l'état des lieux to draw up an inventory and statement of state of repair; état de nature Sociol the state of nature; à l'état de nature in the state of nature; état de rêve dream state; état de santé state of health; état de siège state of siege; états de service service record; état d'urgence state of emergency; état de veille waking state; ⇒ tiers.être/se mettre dans tous ses états○ to be in/to get into a state○; il se met dans tous ses états pour un rien he gets all worked up○ ou he gets into a state over nothing; être réduit à l'état de loque/d'esclave to be reduced to a wreck/treated as a slave.[eta] nom masculinl'État français the French state ou nationl'État, c'est moifamous phrase attributed to Louis XIV proclaiming the absolute nature of the monarchygéré par l'État state-run, publicly run -
13 état
état [eta]1. masculine nouna. [de personne] state• en état d'ivresse or d'ébriété under the influence of alcohol• il ne faut pas te mettre des états pareils ! you mustn't get yourself into such a stateb. [d'objet, article d'occasion] condition• en bon/mauvais état in good/bad conditionc. [de chose abstraite, substance] state• état liquide/solide liquid/solid statee. ( = registre, comptes) statement ; ( = inventaire) inventoryf. (locutions) faire état de [+ ses services] to instance ; [+ craintes, intentions] to state ; [+ conversation, rumeur] to report2. compounds• (le bureau de) l'état civil the registry office (Brit), the Public Records Office (US) ► état de crise state of crisis* * *etanom masculin1) ( nation) state, State2) ( gouvernement) state, government3) ( territoire autonome) state•Phrasal Verbs:* * *eta nmPOLITIQUE state* * *A nm1 ( condition physique) condition; l'état du malade s'améliore the patient's condition is improving; être dans un état stationnaire to be in a stable condition; en bon état général in good overall condition; être en état de faire qch to be in a fit state to do sth; ne pas être en état de faire, être hors d'état de faire to be in no condition ou in no fit state to do; mettre qn hors d'état de faire qch to render sb incapable of doing sth; mettre qn hors d'état de nuire ( légalement) to put sb out of harm's way; ( physiquement) to incapacitate sb; leur état de santé est excellent their (state of) health is excellent; être dans un triste état○/en piteux état○ to be in a sorry/pitiful state; tu es dans un bel état! iron you're in a fine state!;2 ( condition psychique) state; être dans un état d'inquiétude terrible to be in a terrible state of anxiety; être dans un état d'énervement extrême to be in a state of extreme irritation; elle n'est pas en état de le revoir she's in no state to see him again; je suis hors d'état de réfléchir I'm incapable of thinking, I'm in no state to think; être dans un drôle d'état○ to be in a hell of a state○; ne pas être dans son état normal not to be oneself; ne te mets pas dans des états pareils! don't get into such a state!, don't get so worked up○!; être dans un état second to be in a trance;3 (de voiture, livre, tapis) condition; l'état de conservation d'un livre the condition of a book; l'état des routes ( conditions climatiques) road conditions; ( qualité) the state of the roads; en bon/mauvais état [maison, cœur, foie] in good/poor condition; avoir les dents en mauvais état to have bad teeth; l'état de délabrement d'une maison the dilapidated state of a house; l'état de conservation d'une momie égyptienne the state of preservation of an Egyptian mummy; vérifier l'état de qch to check sth; mettre/maintenir qch en état to put/keep sth in working order; hors d'état de marche [voiture] off the road, not running; [appareil] out of order; remettre qch en état to mend ou repair sth; remettre une maison en état to do up a house; la remise en état d'un réseau routier/de voiture the repair of a road network/car; vous devez rendre la maison en l'état lors de votre départ you must leave the house as you found it; les choses sont restées en l'état depuis leur départ nothing has been changed since they left; j'ai laissé les choses en l'état I left everything as it was; à l'état brut [huile, pétrole] in its raw state; [action, idée] in its initial stages; un temple à l'état de ruines a temple in a state of ruin; voiture/bicyclette/ordinateur à l'état neuf car/bicycle/computer as good as new; beauté à l'état pur unadulterated beauty; une voiture en état de rouler a roadworthy car; un bateau en état de naviguer a seaworthy ship;4 (d'affaires, économie, de finances, pays) state; l'état de l'environnement/d'une entreprise the state of the environment/a company; le pays est dans un état critique the country is in a critical state; cet état de choses ne peut plus durer this state of affairs can't go on; dans l'état actuel des choses in the present state of affairs; dans l'état actuel de la recherche médicale in the present state of medical research; l'état de tension entre le gouvernement et l'opposition the state of tension in relations between the government and the opposition; ce n'est encore qu'à l'état de projet it's still only at the planning stage;5 Sci ( de corps) state; les états de la matière the states of matter; l'état solide/liquide/gazeux the solid/liquid/gaseous state; un corps à l'état liquide/de vapeur a body in the liquid/vapourGB state; à l'état naissant [gaz] nascent; à l'état pur [élément, héroïne] in its pure state;6 ( situation sociale) state; ( métier)† trade; être boulanger de son état to be a baker by trade; ruiné, il se rappelle son ancien état now that he is bankrupt, he remembers how things used to be; choisir l'état ecclésiastique to choose holy orders; être satisfait/mécontent de son état to be satisfied/unhappy with one's lot;7 Sociol l'état civilisé the civilized state; naissance d'un nouvel état social birth of a new social order; des tribus qui vivent encore à l'état sauvage tribes still living in a primitive state;8 Compta statement; état de frais statement of expenses; état des comptes financial statements; état financier financial statement; état des ventes d'un magasin a shop's GB ou store's US sales statement;9 Jur ( statut) status; état d'épouse/d'enfant légitime/de parent status of a spouse/legitimate child/parent;10 Hist ( catégorie sociale) estate; la notion de classe a remplacé celle d'état the concept of class replaced that of estate.B faire état de loc verbale1 ( arguer) to cite [document, texte, théorie, loi]; faire état du témoignage/de l'opinion de qn pour étayer une thèse to cite sb's testimony/opinion in support of a thesis;2 ( mentionner) to mention [conversation, entretien, découverte]; ne faites pas état de cette conversation don't mention this conversation; la presse a fait état de leur conversation the press reported their conversation;4 ( se prévaloir de) to make a point of mentioning [succès, courage]; j'ai fait état de mes diplômes pour obtenir le travail I made a point of mentioning my diplomas to get the job; ils ont fait état des services qu'ils nous ont rendus they made a point of mentioning the things they had done for us in the past.état d'alerte Mil state of alert; en état d'alerte on the alert; état d'âme ( scrupule) qualm; ( sentiment) feeling; ne pas avoir d'états d'âme to have no qualms; état de choc Méd, Psych state of shock; en état de choc in a state of shock; état de choses state of affairs; état civil Admin registry office GB; ( de personne) civil status; état de conscience Psych state of consciousness; état de crise Pol, Sociol state of crisis; état d'esprit state ou frame of mind; état de fait fact; les états généraux Hist the Estates General; état de grâce Relig state of grace; en état de grâce lit in a state of grace; fig inspired; état de guerre state of war; état des lieux Jur inventory and statement of state of repair; fig appraisal; faire l'état des lieux to draw up an inventory and statement of state of repair; état de nature Sociol the state of nature; à l'état de nature in the state of nature; état de rêve dream state; état de santé state of health; état de siège state of siege; états de service service record; état d'urgence state of emergency; état de veille waking state; ⇒ tiers.être/se mettre dans tous ses états○ to be in/to get into a state○; il se met dans tous ses états pour un rien he gets all worked up○ ou he gets into a state over nothing; être réduit à l'état de loque/d'esclave to be reduced to a wreck/treated as a slave.[eta] nom masculinA.[MANIÈRE D'ÊTRE PHYSIQUE]te voilà dans un triste état! you're in a sorry ou sad state!a. [drogué] to be highb. [en transe] to be in a tranceen état de: être en état d'ivresse ou d'ébriété to be under the influence (of alcohol), to be inebriatedêtre hors d'état de, ne pas être en état de to be in no condition to ou totally unfit toa. [préventivement] to make somebody harmlessb. [après coup] to neutralize somebodyétat de santé (state of) health, conditionêtre en bon/mauvais étata. [meuble, route, véhicule] to be in good/poor conditionb. [bâtiment] to be in a good/bad state of repairc. [colis, marchandises] to be undamaged/damagedvendu à l'état neuf [dans petites annonces] as newréduit à l'état de cendres/poussière reduced to ashes/a powderquand tu seras de nouveau en état de marche (familier & humoristique) when you're back on your feet again ou back in circulationa. [appartement] to renovate, to refurbishb. [véhicule] to repairc. [pièce de moteur] to reconditionmaintenir quelque chose en état [bâtiment, bateau, voiture] to keep something in good repair3. [situation particulière - d'un développement, d'une technique] statedans l'état actuel des choses as things stand at the moment, in the present state of affairs(en) état d'alerte/d'urgence (in a) state of alarm/emergency4. CHIMIE & PHYSIQUEétat gazeux/liquide/solide gaseous/liquid/solid stateà l'état brut [pétrole] crude, unrefined, rawà l'état pur [gemme, métal] pure5. LINGUISTIQUEB.[MANIÈRE D'ÊTRE MORALE, PSYCHOLOGIQUE] stateelle n'est pas dans son état normal she's not her normal ou usual selfa. [à une personne inquiète, déprimée] don't worry!b. [à une personne énervée] don't get so worked up!état d'esprit state ou frame of minda. [d'anxiété] to be beside oneself with anxietyb. [de colère] to be beside oneself (with anger)se mettre dans tous ses états [en colère] to go off the deep end, to go spareC.[CONDITION SOCIALE]3. HISTOIREles États généraux the States ou Estates GeneralD.[DOCUMENT COMPTABLE OU LÉGAL][inventaire] inventoryl'état des dépenses/des recettes statement of expenses/takingsétat appréciatif evaluation, estimationb. [professionnellement] professional recorddresser ou faire un état des lieux2. (locution)a. [sondage, témoignages, thèse] to put forward (separable)b. [document] to refer toc. [fait] to mentiond. [soucis] to mentionétat d'âme nom masculin————————état de grâce nom masculinA consultative assembly of representatives from the three estates of the Ancien Régime: clergy, nobility and the Third Estate, or commoners. It met for the last time in May 1789 in the Jeu de Paume in Versailles, where the Third Estate vowed not to disperse until they had established a constitution. -
14 équilibre
équilibre [ekilibʀ]masculine nouna. balance• perdre/garder l'équilibre to lose/keep one's balance• trouver un équilibre entre... et... to find a balance between... and...► en équilibre [budget] balanced• se tenir or être en équilibre (sur) [personne] to balance (on) ; [objet] to be balanced (on)* * *ekilibʀnom masculin1) ( fait de ne pas tomber) balanceêtre en équilibre sur — [objet] to be balanced on; [personne] to balance on
2) (entre deux éléments, poids) balance; ( stabilité) stabilityl'équilibre des forces — ( en politique) the balance of power
être en équilibre — [objets] to be balanced
3) (bien-être, santé mentale) equilibrium4) ( bonne combinaison) (de formes, phrase, d'alimentation) balance5) Chimie, Physique equilibrium* * *ekilibʀ nm1) [corps, objet] balanceJ'ai failli perdre l'équilibre. — I nearly lost my balance.
2) (entre des forces, des éléments) balance3) [balance] equilibrium* * *équilibre nm1 ( fait de ne pas tomber) balance; garder/perdre l'équilibre to keep/to lose one's balance; l'oreille interne est le centre de l'équilibre the inner ear controls balance; être en équilibre sur qch [objet] to be balanced on sth; [personne] to balance on sth; tenir qch en équilibre (sur qch) to balance sth (on sth); se tenir en équilibre sur un pied to balance on one leg; être en équilibre instable sur qch to be precariously balanced on sth; numéro d'équilibre balancing act;2 (entre deux éléments, poids) balance (entre between); ( stabilité) stability; l'équilibre des forces Pol the balance of power; l'équilibre politique/économique political/economic stability; l'équilibre de la terreur the balance of terror; l'équilibre naturel the natural balance; trouver un équilibre [pays, couple] to find a balance; être en équilibre [objets] to be balanced; assurer l'équilibre budgétaire to balance the budget; la préservation des grands équilibres naturels the preservation of the great ecosystems;3 (bien-être, santé mentale) equilibrium; manquer d'équilibre to be unstable; retrouver son équilibre to get back to normal;4 ( bonne combinaison) (de formes, phrase, d'alimentation) balance;[ekilibr] nom masculin1. [stabilité du corps] balancegarder/perdre l'équilibre to keep/to lose one's balance2. [rapport de force] balancel'équilibre des forces ou du pouvoir the balance of power3. ÉCONOMIE & FINANCE4. PSYCHOLOGIEmanquer d'équilibre to be (mentally ou emotionally) unbalanceden équilibre locution adjectivale[plateau, pile de livres] stableen équilibre locution adverbiale -
15 охрана охран·а
1) (действие) guarding, protection; (интересов и т.п.) safeguardingохрана природы — preservation of nature, nature protection / conservation
охрана труда — workmen's protection, labour safety / protection
2) (стража) guard(s), escortприбывать в сопровождении вооружённой / конной охраны — to arrive with an armed / mounted escort
береговая охрана — coast / coastal guard
личная охрана президента — bodyguards of the president, presidential bodyguards
пограничная охрана — border / frontier guards
в сопровождении охраны — under escort, in custody
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16 охорона
ж1) ( варта) guardособиста охорона президента — bodyguards of the President, Presidential bodyguards
охорона живої природи — biological conservation, wildlife conservation
охорона свідка — safe-keeping of witness; witness protection
охорона довкілля (навколишнього середовища) — environmental protection, protection of the environment
охорона природи — nature protection, preservation of nature
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17 conservation
conservation [‚kɒnsə'veɪʃən](a) (of works of art) préservation f∎ nature conservation défense f de l'environnement∎ the conservation of energy/mass/momentum le principe de conservation de l'énergie/de la masse/du moment►► Ecology conservation area zone f protégée (d'un point de vue architectural ou historique);conservation law loi f de conservationUn panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > conservation
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18 ירוקים
greenpeace, apolitical organization that supports preservation of nature and concern for the environment (opposes large industrial factories and rapid building), groups related to preserving the environment -
19 Greenpeace
greenpeace, apolitical organization that supports preservation of nature and concern for the environment (opposes large industrial factories and rapid building), groups related to preserving the environment -
20 naturfredning
subst. nature conservation subst. the preservation of natural resources
См. также в других словарях:
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